Hypertension

Hypertension is a persistently elevated blood pressure above normal, usually above 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Another name for arterial essential hypertension. It accounts for more than ninety percent of cases of arterial hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension is diagnosed. These include kidney up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamic and neurological stress caused by the intake of iatrogenic substances. Pregnant women also have high blood pressure, in which an increase in blood pressure is a symptom of the underlying disease.

Different dietary supplements and methods of contraception differ between different types of iatrogenic hypertension. In general, the occurrence of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes of hypertension

When doctors talk about the cause of high blood pressure, they admit that the cause of its occurrence is still unclear. Therefore, this disease is also called an essential or unexplained disease.

The theories that exist in our time that try to explain the occurrence of high blood pressure are unsustainable in themselves and can put a person in a hopeless situation (once all methods have been tried) without explaining anything concretely or scientifically. To put it mildly, the patient is being treated for the sake of treatment. One is almost constantly forced to take medications to relieve hypertension.

There is a system in the human body that regulates blood pressure. It can also grow for a variety of reasons. When blood pressure rises, the walls of blood vessels such as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very tight. As a result, the receptors in them become irritated. The resulting excitation passes through the nerves to reach the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of depressive neurons against pressor neurons increases, causing the blood vessels to dilate and blood pressure to drop. In the case of a decrease in blood pressure, such processes take place in stark contrast. This explains the normal process of increasing and decreasing blood pressure in the human body. The pressure does not rise for no reason. Everything in the body is interconnected.

The causes of high blood pressure are:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem very often have high blood pressure and develop high blood pressure as a result. Generally, those who have such abnormalities in the body’s metabolism should monitor it.
2. In five percent of patients, high blood pressure can be caused by kidney or thyroid dysfunction.
3. If the person is not overweight and thin. If you do not have kidney and thyroid problems, high blood pressure can be caused by a lack of magnesium in the body
4. They cause high blood pressure in five percent of patients: adrenal tumor, pituitary tumor, mercury, lead poisoning, and so on.

In more detail, the main cause of high blood pressure in most patients is metabolic syndrome. Usually, the cholesterol levels in the blood of these patients are disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is determined by several causes: an increase in waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); the rise in triglycerides (called fats) in the blood exceeds 1. 75 mmol / l, or the patient is already taking medicine to correct the disease; high density lipoproteins are less than 1. 3 mmol / L in women and less than 1. 0 mmol / L in men; systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure greater than 85 mmHg; fasting blood glucose is greater than 5. 5 mmol / l. Overall, if high blood pressure is combined with being overweight, you should check for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of high blood pressure are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid diseases, and heredity.

Symptoms of hypertension

Clinical manifestations of hypertensive disease have no specific symptoms. For many years, patients have no idea what disease they have. They will feel a high level of vitality. Although sometimes you may be overwhelmed by dizziness, weakness, sometimes dizziness. But in general, these people believe it was caused by overtime. Complaints arise when, as they are called, the target organs are involved. These are the organs that are most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The occurrence of headaches and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, decreased ability to work and memory indicate initial changes in cerebral blood supply. Later, double vision, flying in front of eyes, weakness, speech problems, numbness of the arms and legs are associated, but initially these changes in blood supply are impending.

If the stage of high blood pressure has gone far, it can cause complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most permanent sign of high blood pressure is an increase in the left ventricle of the heart muscle (hypertrophy). In this respect, the increase in weight is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the vessels thicken. First, the wall thickness of the left ventricle thickens, and then the ventricle of this ventricle expands. The same is true for high blood pressure. Alternatively, this condition can be termed cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. Rough morphological changes (atherosclerosis) in the aorta can be associated with this form of high blood pressure, which can cause it to rupture or separate. High blood pressure in the heart is very insidious in this regard.

A sign or common symptom of high blood pressure is, of course, a headache. The most common symptom of this disease, with further progression, may occur at different times of the day (patients often complain of time at night and after waking up at sleep). The nature of the headache can be explosive or severe in the occipital region and can extend to other areas of the head. High blood pressure can cause swelling of the legs, which also indicates heart failure. It can also be a sign of impaired kidney function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "arterial hypertension" refers to a constant increase in blood pressure. An increase in blood pressure occurs when the arteries and arterioles narrow.

The artery is the main transport route through which the blood reaches all the tissues of the body. In many people, the arterioles contract very often. Initially due to convulsions, then their lumen narrows almost continuously due to wall thickening. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the stenoses, more effort is put into it, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular system. Such people usually suffer from high blood pressure most often.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 hypertensive patients, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a specific organ.

In these cases, we speak of symptomatic arterial hypertension, or as it is called secondary. About 90 percent of patients suffer from an essential form of high blood pressure, or as it is called primary. Patients with arterial hypertension very often suffer from headaches.

Hypertensive crisis is common in arterial hypertension. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• Classification of the first stage of the crisis (when immediate reduction of blood pressure is required): hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, post-coronary artery bypass. In some cases, high blood pressure is observed, which combines with an increase in the levels of catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when the necessary conditions for the reduction of blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without special complications, high blood pressure characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure above 140 mmHg.

Emergency cupirisation of a hypertensive crisis is performed under conditions that include: convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction crisis, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Tests prescribed for arterial hypertension by a doctor should include: examination of the fundus, examination of kidney function, examination of the heart. In addition, it may prescribe antihypertensive therapy to help patients identify the complications of high blood pressure (hypertension).

Degrees of high blood pressure

To properly diagnose high blood pressure, doctors must first determine the degree or stage of high blood pressure in the patient and, so to speak, make an appropriate entry in the medical record. If the diagnosis of hypertension was made later in the second or third stage, the consequences for the body may be more severe than in the first stage of the disease. Nevertheless, few patients seek medical attention in the early or early stages of the disease. And usually few people measure their own blood pressure at home.

Define: normal blood pressure, in which the systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is less than 130 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure, in which the values are below 85 mmHg. High normal, in which the systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 130-140 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 85-90 mmHg.

• 1 degree hypertension (mild) with a systolic blood pressure of 140-160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 90-100 mm Hg;
• Grade 2 (moderate) hypertension having a systolic blood pressure of 160 to 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 100 to 110 mm Hg;
• Grade 3 (severe) hypertension in which the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is greater than 110 mmHg.

Stages of high blood pressure

The first stage of hypertension is characterized by an increase in blood pressure to 160/100 mm, which may occur within a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to normal levels.

There are usually no symptoms of the disease at this stage. Occasionally there may be complaints of recurrent headaches, sleep disturbances, or mild heartache.

In the second stage of high blood pressure, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. Even when the patient is resting, it does not drop to normal levels. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, narrowing of the retinal artery, hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, protein in the urine, and a slight increase in plasma creatine levels may occur. Headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath may occur. Accidents like heart attack and stroke can come with this stage. It is necessary to take medicines to treat high blood pressure at this stage.

In the third stage of high blood pressure, the blood pressure rises to 180/110 mm and above. Almost all patients experience lesions (severe) in the internal organs. Shortness of breath, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, headache, dizziness, sleep and hearing problems, and vision and memory problems are common. Development of renal and cardiac failure. Stroke and heart attack are guaranteed. Urgent treatment should be given.

Hypertension treatment

There are two ways to treat high blood pressure: medication and non-medication.

There are various ways to treat high blood pressure, but treatment should be started with diseases that have symptoms of secondary high blood pressure as well as symptomatic components of high blood pressure. Non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension by following a salt-restricted diet, a favorable rest and work schedule, managing stressful situations, abstaining from alcohol and smoking, and normalizing body weight. Only in the case of low efficacy of this method should drug therapy be combined.

The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, namely to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of treatment, mono- and combination therapy is appropriate. If I use combinations of ineffective, low-dose antihypertensives. In the first line of treatment, medications are prescribed that improve the prognosis.

• Beta blockers. It is an outdated group of medicines that has an antihypertensive effect by reducing the heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improve the work of the heart in ischemic disease. But the side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, which is why most doctors in our time abandon this method of treatment as monotherapy. And they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction even with long-term use.
• Diuretics. Saluretics, medicines that remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body, are also used to treat high blood pressure. But most diuretics provoke the excretion of potassium from the body. It is best to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. It is used to prevent brain damage. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate for high blood pressure.

Only a doctor can prescribe the right method to treat high blood pressure after a proper test.

In general, although hypertension cannot be completely cured, it is safe to say that good treatment results can be achieved through the coordinated work of the patient and the treating physician. A stable improvement in the condition of the vascular system and the work of the heart can be achieved, as well as an improvement in the cholesterol level of the blood, which also contributes to a good relief of the patient's condition. Following the absolute instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient to get rid of many of the symptoms that this insidious disease can cause.

Diet for high blood pressure

A rational diet is a diet that maintains health. In addition, it meets all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients, minerals and energy.

The work of the entire heart system is closely related to digestive processes. In case of high blood pressure, diet has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. A large meal can greatly overflow the stomach and thus displace the diaphragm, making it harder for the heart to work. Excess fluid also creates a heavy load. Well, if the diet is overfilled with large amounts of sodium chloride, water is retained in the tissues of the body and this causes an increase in blood pressure which sometimes leads to swelling of the limbs.

Principles of diet. nutrition: adherence to the diet is considered a prerequisite - regular meals at the same time, the best method is frequent and partial meals - meals three to five times a day, which is very important in case of overweight; it is advisable to eat dinner no later than two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before rest provokes the accumulation of overweight and obesity and contributes to restless sleep; In addition to the diet, the food must be varied and contain products of various (plant and animal) origin.

What should be limited:

• Salt. We recommend that you limit it to the minimum amount and add only lightly cooked foods. In general, salt alone causes fluid retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess weight. When dieting, you should usually take five grams a day. To increase blood pressure, it is recommended to take salt "prophylactically", ie with reduced sodium content. It may also contain essential minerals such as magnesium, iodine and potassium ions. Low-sodium products are of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. like cheese or sausage, they contain an incredible amount of salt. It is ten times more than natural meat. If the food is not or not salted at all, the taste can be improved by adding blueberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, coriander or dill. Limiting salt is very important in the diet to treat high blood pressure.
• Liquid. Reduce the amount of drinking to one liter per day, including compote, soup, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to relieve the work of the heart muscle and kidneys. It should also limit the intake of substances that stimulate the work of the cardiovascular system. These substances include caffeine and other tonics. They can cause palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains much more caffeine than traditional coffee. The intake of animal fats should be limited to 25 grams per day. High blood pressure and atherosclerosis are closely related. High blood pressure contributes to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis, and may itself occur in the background. To combat the syndrome, you should reduce your intake of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cottonseed, and the like). Patients should avoid consuming foods containing cholesterol (kidney, liver, fatty meats, egg yolk).
• Sugar. The sugar limit may not exceed 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Pastries. Patients with high blood pressure are often overweight. In this case, the caloric content of the food must be reduced, thereby not only limiting the consumption of sugar, but also limiting the consumption of jams, flour products, white bread, and so on. consumption. In such cases, a very effective treatment, such asfasting days are very welcome. But again only on the recommendation of the doctor observing the patient. You can arrange fasting days once a week. That is, nothing to eat, just water. This greatly contributes to weight loss. You can also arrange cottage cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five servings, two glasses of kefir, two cups of unsweetened and weak tea. And you can also arrange apple days: two kilograms of apples for five servings.

You need to increase your consumption of:

• Potassium. Products containing this are very useful in the treatment of high blood pressure. And we need more of these products. Potassium improves myocardial function and also helps remove excess fluid. Potassium salts are found in large amounts in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in fruit juices. It is also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkins, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots and rosehips.
• Magnesium. The body needs to be supplied with magnesium. Like potassium, it is needed to treat high blood pressure. Magnesium salts have a vasodilatory effect, which helps prevent vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran bread and rye bread, as well as in oatmeal, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley pieces, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine has a good effect on metabolism and also on metabolism in general in case of high blood pressure. Foods containing iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Limiting salt, providing the body with a product containing sufficient amounts of magnesium and potassium salts, which are among the key features of a therapeutic and preventative diet for arterial hypertension.

Generally, the ratio of diet to treatment should be discussed with the patient's observing physician, as violation of any prescription can have serious consequences for the body.

Folk remedies for high blood pressure

The treatment of folk remedies for high blood pressure is very, very effective. Its effects will become more lasting and positive, but only if the patient follows a healthy lifestyle and adheres to a strict diet.

How exactly to treat high blood pressure with folk remedies?

Herbal decoctions, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, which are prepared according to folk recipes, are recommended by doctors for quite a long time. You can take a five- to ten-day break every two to three months. The composition of these awards and decoctions contains special herbs to lower blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain a number of compounds that have a beneficial effect on our bodies. These are called biologically active compounds. These include: macro- and microelements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes used to treat high blood pressure:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilogram, vodka - half a liter, partition nuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists of squeezing the juice from the onion, mixing it with honey and adding nuts to this mixture. All this is poured over with vodka and infused for about ten days. This infusion can then be taken three times a day, with one tablespoon.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beetroot juice, one and a half glasses of blueberry juice, a glass of vodka, 250 grams of flower honey. Mix all this and take one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and take one tablespoon three times daily before meals for three months.

In addition, bee venom has good diuretic properties and blocks the spasms of blood vessels, extending them. This operation leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, twice a week it is recommended to pinch the limbs with bees.

Traditional medicine gives recommendations for the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good strong antioxidants, reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increase resistance to nervous and physical stress.

In the treatment of high blood pressure, the yield of chokeberry is also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jellies, compotes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice from these fruits has a great therapeutic effect, which should be taken three and a half hours before meals.